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【原】一般过去时和现在完成时的区别习题

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发表于 2021-4-6 17:10:06 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在(包括现在)的某个动作或状态,表示过去的动作与现在的联系,主要说明的是现在的情况和状态;而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间,与现在不发生联系,因此在实际考试中要结合实际的上下文找准时间点。
一、请用所给词的合理的时态完成下面的句子
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know. I _____ (see, never) that movie.
2. Sam _____ (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I _____ (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He _____ (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I _____ (have, not) this much fun since I _____ (be) a kid.
6. Things _____ (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first _____ (start) working here three years ago, the company _____ (have, only) six employees. Since then, we _____ (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I _____ (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he _____ (wander) off into the forest and _____ (be) bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you _____ (miss) the bus this morning. You _____ (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he _____ (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George _____ (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He _____ (see, never) the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling _____ (become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it _____ (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip _____ (be) very rough and often dangerous. Things _____ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you _____ (change) since the last time I _____ (see) saw you. You _____ (grow) at least a foot!
13. This tree _____ (be) planted by the settlers who _____ (found) our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain _____ (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers _____ (try) to reach the top, but nobody _____ (succeed, ever). The climb is extremely difficult and many people _____ (die) trying to reach the summit.
15. I _____ (visit, never) Africa, but I _____ (travel) to South America several times. The last time I _____ (go) to South America, I _____ (visit) visited Brazil and Peru. I _____ (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, _____ (hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and _____ (fly) over the Nazca Lines.

二、答案、参考翻译及解析

1. have never seen
你喜欢电影《星球大战》吗?我不知道。我从未看过那部电影。
解析:
a. 从 I don't know 可以判断,应该用现在完成时 have never seen,其中 never 是频度副词,通常放在实义动词之前,助动词之后。
b. 若这里用一般过去时,那么就变成 I never saw that moive,也就是过去从没看过这个电影,那这个又与一般现在时的 I don't know 相矛盾。
2. arrived
萨姆一周前到达圣地亚哥。
解析:从过去时间状语 a week ago 可以判断,动作发生在过去,所以用 arrived;当句子中出现类似带 ago 的时间状语时,用一般过去时。
3. have known
我和我最好的朋友认识已经超过十五年了。我们还是每周聚一次。
解析:从 We still get together once a week 和 for 后面接一个时间段可以判断,该句表示的是动作一直持续到现在并且还在延续,所以用 have known.
4. has written
斯廷森是一位了不起的作家。去年他写了十篇很有创意的短篇小说。总有一天,他会像海明威一样出名。
解析:与 last year 要跟一般过去时连用不一样,in the last year 表示的从去年的某个时间点到现在的一个时间段,因此用现在完成时 has written.
5. haven't had, was
我从小就没有过这么多乐趣。
解析:since 作连词,当它引入在过去的某个时间点的一个动作或事件时,since 之后的从句通常用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,所以用 haven't had 和 was.
6. have changed, started, only had, have expanded
Coltech 公司的情况发生了很大的变化。三年前我们刚开始在这里工作时,公司只有六名员工。从那时起,我们已扩大到包括2000多名全职工人。
解析:
a. 从句子的整体意义来看,第一个应该用现在完成时 have changed,表示从过去到现在之间经历过的事情。
b. 当句子中出现一段时间 + ago 时,用一般过去时,所以第二个应该用 started;when 引导的时间状语从句中的动作与主句的动作先后发生,所以主句也用一般过去时 only had,其中副词放在实义动词 had 之前。(注意:此处不能用过去进行时,因为 have 在意为“有,占有,持有”时,不用于进行时。
c. since 作连词,当它引入在过去的某个时间点的一个动作或事件时,主句用现在完成时,所以用 have expanded.
7. told, wandered, was
我告诉他徒步旅行时要留在小路上,但他溜进了森林,被蛇咬了。
解析:从 while he was hiking 可以判断句子描述的是过去的某个时间点,所以前面用一般过去时 told;从 but 可以看出,前后阐述的是同一个过去的时间发生的事,表示过去连续发生的动作,这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示,因此都用一般过去时 wandered 和 was.
8. missed, have been
听着,唐娜,我不在乎你今天早上是否错过了公共汽车。你上班迟到太多次了。你被解雇了!
解析:从 this morning 以及 miss the bus 是非延续性动作可以判断,动作只发生在过去且跟现在无关,所以前面用 missed;结合 You are fired来判断,后面应该用现在完成时 have been.
9. has never seen
山姆来自科罗拉多州,那里离海岸有几百英里,所以他(看,从来没有)从未见过海洋。他应该和我们一起去迈阿密。
解析:从 is 和句意判断应该用 has never seen,表示从过去到现在之间从未看过,其中频度副词 never 通常放在实义动词之前,助动词之后。
10. never saw (had never seen)
多伤心啊!乔治(梦)生前梦想去加利福尼亚,但他没有成功。他从未见过大海。
解析:从 he died 和 he didn't make it 可以判断前面用一般过去时 never saw 或过去完成时 had never seen;后面也应该用一般过去时,因为乔治已经 died,所以事情结束在过去。
11. has become, took, have changed
在过去的一百年里,旅行变得更加容易和舒适。在19世纪,乘篷车穿越北美要花两三个月的时间。这次旅行非常艰难,而且常常很危险。在过去的一百五十年里,情况发生了很大的变化。现在你可以在几个小时内从纽约飞到洛杉矶。
解析:
a. 同题4类似,在表示一整个过去的一个时间段 “in the last … ”时,用现在完成时,所以第一个和第三个分别用 has become 和 have changed;
b. 从过去的时间 In the 19th century 可以判断第二个用一般过去时 took.
12. have changed, saw, have grown
琼尼,我真不敢相信自从上次见到你以来你变了多少。你至少长了一英尺!
解析:同题5类似,所以用前面两个用 have changed 和 saw;从说话的上下文判断,最后一个应该用现在完成时 have grown.
13. was, founded
这棵树是四百多年前建立我们城市的定居者种的。
解析:同题2类似,所以应该用一般过去时 was 和 founded.
14. has never been, have tried, has ever succeeded, have died
这座山从来没有人攀登过。有几个登山运动员试图登顶,但没有人成功过。攀登是极其困难的,许多人在试图到达顶峰时丧生。
解析:此句表示的是从过去到现在之间经历过的事情,因此四个都应该用现在完成时。
15. have never visited, have travelled, went, visited, spent, hiked, flew
我从来没有去过非洲,但我去过南美好几次。上次我去南美时,我访问了巴西和秘鲁。我在亚马逊呆了两个星期,在马丘比丘附近徒步旅行了一个星期,飞越了纳斯卡河。
解析:
a. 同题9类似,表示从过去到现在之间经历过的事情,因此前面两个用现在完成时 have never visited 和 have travelled.
b. 从 The last time 以及上下文可以判断,后面全部用一般过去时,表示过去连续发生的动作,这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
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